Kh\u00f4ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro \u2014 t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ng\u1eebng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00fa s\u1ed1c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khung qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1ee7i ro t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh d\u00e0nh cho SME Vi\u1ec7t Nam.
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4 Lo\u1ea1i R\u1ee7i Ro T\u00e0i Ch\u00ednh SME Vi\u1ec7t Th\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1eb7p
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1. R\u1ee7i Ro T\u1ef7 Gi\u00e1
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V\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3n vay b\u1eb1ng USD, m\u1ed7i 1% bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “nu\u1ed1t” 3-5% l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba: h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n (forward contract) \u2014 kh\u00f3a t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t ph\u00ed, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1.
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2. R\u1ee7i Ro T\u00edn D\u1ee5ng
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Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n \u2014 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (kh\u00f4ng giao h\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c khi ch\u01b0a thanh to\u00e1n), mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a t\u1eadp kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfm qu\u00e1 30% doanh thu).
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3. R\u1ee7i Ro Thanh Kho\u1ea3n
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Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1n. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba: duy tr\u00ec h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn), x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi 2-3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch B cho ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng.
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4. R\u1ee7i Ro L\u00e3i Su\u1ea5t
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V\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang vay v\u1ed1n, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng 2% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3n vay t\u1eeb “ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” th\u00e0nh “g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng”. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p: \u01b0u ti\u00ean vay v\u1edbi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u danh m\u1ee5c vay v\u1edbi 60% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 40% l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i.
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Quy Tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ea3n Tr\u1ecb R\u1ee7i Ro 4 B\u01b0\u1edbc
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- Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n: Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 r\u1ee7i ro t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n trong 12 th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi.
- \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng: \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3).
- \u1ee8ng ph\u00f3: V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i r\u1ee7i ro, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p: n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u, chuy\u1ec3n giao (b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m), hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.
- Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t: \u0110\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd, xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i danh s\u00e1ch r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3.
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R\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a kinh doanh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb r\u1ee7i ro b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 ngon h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00eam.